I-Replacement Replacement

Ukuhlinzwa Okungcono Kakhulu Kokubuyisela Idolo e-Hyderabad, e-India

I-arthroplasty edolweni, eyaziwa kakhulu ngokuthi a ukuguqula amadolo wuhlobo lokuhlinzwa olwenziwa ukwelapha ubuhlungu bamadolo futhi ubuyisele imisebenzi yamalunga amadolo. Abantu abaphethwe i-osteoarthritis bayelulekwa ukuthi bahlinzwe. Laba bantu ngokujwayelekile yilabo abaphethwe idolo futhi abakwazi ukuhamba, ukugijima, ukugibela izitebhisi futhi bathole ubunzima bokusukuma esihlalweni.

Kule nqubo, odokotela abahlinzayo basika i-cartilage eyonakele kanye nethambo kusuka ku-shinbone, ithambo lethanga kanye ne-knee cap futhi esikhundleni salokho bafake i-prosthesis (i-artificial joint). Lokhu kuhlanganiswa kokwenziwa kwenziwa ngama-polymers, amapulasitiki asezingeni eliphezulu kanye nama-alloys ensimbi.

Odokotela bamathambo hlola ukunyakaza kwamadolo, ukuzinza namandla ukuze uhlole ukuthi umuntu uyakufanelekela yini ukushintshwa kwamadolo noma cha. I-X-ray ibasiza ukuba babone ukuthi idolo lilimale kangakanani.

Izinqubo zokuhlinza zokushintshwa kwamadolo zincike eminyakeni yobudala, izinga lomsebenzi, impilo, isisindo, nosayizi wamadolo, nokuma kwesiguli.

Izinkomba Zokushintsha Idolo

Ukuhlinza idolo esikhundleni kwenziwa ukwelapha i-osteoarthritis. Isiguli esibonisa lezi zimpawu ezilandelayo siyelulekwa ukuthi siyohlinzwa esikhundleni samadolo. 

• Ubuhlungu obukhulu bamadolo obukhawulela imisebenzi yempilo yansuku zonke yesiguli.

• Uzwa ubuhlungu bedolo ngenkathi uphumule.

• Ukuvuvukala edolweni nokuvuvukala kwedolo okuhlala isikhathi eside.

• Ubuhlungu obungabekezeleleki.

• Ukukhothama noma emlenzeni.

Izinhlobo Zokushintshwa Kwamadolo

Kunezinhlobo ezinhlanu eziphelele zokuhlinza esikhundleni samadolo. Lezi izi:

• Ukushintshwa kwamadolo okuphelele - Kulokhu kuhlinzwa okushintshwa kwamadolo, indawo engaphansi kwe-kneecap (patella) ithathelwa indawo yi-dome yepulasitiki ebushelelezi. 

• Ukushintshwa kwamadolo okuyingxenye (unicompartmental) - Lolu hlobo lokuhlinzwa kwedolo lwenziwa lapho uhlangothi lwangaphakathi lwamadolo luthinteka yi-arthritis. Lokhu kuhlinzwa kwenziwa ngokwenza ukusikeka okuncane edolweni.

• I-Patellofemoral arthroplasty (i-kneecap replacement) - Le nqubo ihilela ukususwa kwendawo engaphansi kwe-kneecap kanye ne-groove yayo (i-trochlea).

• Ukubuyekezwa noma ukushintshwa kwamadolo okuyinkimbinkimbi - Isiguli sidinga lokhu kuhlinzwa uma sinejoyinti lesibili noma lesithathu edolweni elifanayo. Lokhu kuhlinzwa kwamadolo okuyinkimbinkimbi kwenziwa ukuze kwelaphe ukuphuka, ubuthakathaka bemisipha yamadolo, nokukhubazeka kwamadolo.

• Ukubuyiselwa kwe-cartilage - Lolu hlobo lokuhlinzwa luhilela ukushintshwa kwendawo engayodwa yokulimala edolweni nge-graft ye-cartilage ephilayo.

Kudingeka nini noma Kunconywa nini Ukuhlinzwa Kokubuyisela Idolo?

Ukuhlinza esikhundleni samadolo kuyikhambi lezinhlungu zamadolo nokukhubazeka, ngokuyinhloko okubangelwa i-osteoarthritis, isimo esivamile esibonakala ngokuwohloka koqwanga oluhlangene. Lokhu kuphuka kubangela ukunyakaza okuvinjelwe kanye nobuhlungu ngenxa yokulimala ku-cartilage namathambo. Abantu abanesifo sokuwohloka kwamalunga okuthuthukile bavame ukulwa nemisebenzi yansuku zonke ehlanganisa ukugoba amadolo, njengokuhamba noma ukugibela izitebhisi, ngenxa yobuhlungu. Ukungazinzi nokuvuvukala emadolweni nakho kuyizimpawu ezivamile.

Ezinye izinhlobo ze-arthritis, njenge rheumatoid arthritis noma isifo samathambo esibangelwa ukulimala edolweni, singaba nomthelela ngendlela efanayo ekuwohlokeni kwamalunga amadolo. Ukwengeza, umonakalo ongenakulungiseka welunga ledolo ungase ubangelwe ukuphuka, uqwanga oludabukile, noma ukulimala kwemisipha.

Lapho ukwelapha okuvamile kungenakwanele, ukuhlinza esikhundleni samadolo kuba yindlela ephumelelayo. Lezi zindlela zokwelapha zingase zihlanganise imithi elwa nokuvuvukala, i-glucosamine ne-chondroitin sulfate, imithi yezinhlungu, ukuvimbela umsebenzi, izinto ezisizayo ezifana nezinduku, ukwelapha ngokomzimba, imijovo ye-cortisone, kanye nemijovo ye-viscosupplementation ukuze kudambise ubuhlungu obuhlangene.

Ezimweni lapho ukukhuluphala kuyisici, ukuncipha kwesisindo kungase kunconywe. Udokotela wakho angase asikisele ukuhlinzwa esikhundleni samadolo ngokusekelwe ezicini ezihlukahlukene ezingaphezu kwalezo ezihlobene ne-osteoarthritis.

Izingozi Zokushintshwa Kwamadolo

Yonke inqubo yokuhlinzwa inezinkinga ezithile. Izingozi zokushintshwa kwamadolo zixoxwa ngezansi:

• bekhanda, isicanucanu nokozela ngenxa yokubulala izinzwa

• ukopha

• Ukutheleleka

• Ukuvuvukala nobuhlungu

• Amahlule egazi emaphashini nasemithanjeni yomlenze

• Izinkinga zokuphefumula

• Isifo senhliziyo

• Stroke

• Ukusabela okweqile

• Ukulimala komthambo nezinzwa

• Ukuhluleka kokufakelwa

• Ukugqoka idolo lokwenziwa

Ukuhlinzwa kwenziwa ukuze kushintshwe idolo elinegciwane ukuze kukhishwe izingxenye zokwenziwa futhi kusetshenziswe ama-antibiotic ukubulala amagciwane. Ngemva kwalokhu, idolo elisha lifakwa.

Ukugqoka ngaphandle kwedolo lokwenziwa kungenye yezingozi eziphakeme kakhulu ezishiwo ngenhla. Izingxenye zepulasitiki nezinsimbi eziqine kakhulu ziyalimala ngenkathi kwenziwa imisebenzi yansuku zonke. Le ngozi iphezulu uma isiguli senza imisebenzi enomthelela omkhulu.

Inqubo Yokushintshwa Kwedolo

Inqubo etholwe odokotela abahlinzayo be-CARE Hospitals ukwenza ukuhlinzwa esikhundleni samadolo kuxoxwa ngezansi:

Ngaphambi Kokuhlinzwa Kokubuyisela Idolo:

• Ukuhlolwa kwangaphambi kokuhlinzwa: Isiguli sihlolwa ngokucophelela, okuhlanganisa umlando wezokwelapha, ukuhlolwa ngokomzimba, nokuhlolwa kwe-imaging, ukuze kuhlolwe izinga lokulimala kwamadolo kanye nempilo yonke.
• Ukuthuthukiswa Kwezokwelapha: Izinkinga zezempilo ezifana nezimo zenhliziyo noma izifo ziqondiswa ukuze kuncishiswe izingozi phakathi nokuhlinzwa.
• Ingxoxo Nodokotela Ohlinzayo: Udokotela ohlinzayo uchaza inqubo, izingozi ezingase zibe khona, nemiphumela elindelekile. Isiguli singase sixoxe ngalokho esikukhethayo, okusikhathazayo, futhi sibuze imibuzo.

Ngesikhathi Sokuhlinzwa Kokubuyisela Idolo:

• I-Anesthesia: Isiguli sinikezwa i-anesthesia ukuze kuqinisekiswe ukuthi aqulekile futhi asinabuhlungu ngesikhathi sokuhlinzwa.
• Ukusikwa: Udokotela ohlinzayo wenza i-incision ukuze afinyelele ekuhlanganyeleni kwamadolo, ngokuvamile elandela indlela ehlelwe ngaphambilini.
• I-Joint Resurfacing: Ithambo elilimele kanye ne-cartilage kuyasuswa, futhi izindawo ezihlangene zithathelwa indawo izingxenye zokwenziwa, ezingase zifakwe usimende noma zicindezelwe.
• Ukuvalwa Kwenxeba: Ngemuva kokufakwa kokufakelwa, i-incision ivaliwe, futhi i-drain ingase ifakwe ukuze kukhishwe uketshezi okweqile.

Ngemva Kokuhlinzwa Kokubuyisela Idolo:

• Ukululama Esibhedlela: Isiguli sigadwa egunjini lokululama ngaphambi kokuba sidluliselwe egumbini lasesibhedlela.
• Ukwelapha ngokomzimba: Ukuvuselela kuqala ngokushesha ngemva kokuhlinzwa ukuze kubuye amandla, ukuguquguquka, nokusebenza ngokuhlanganyela.
• Ukulawula Ubuhlungu: Imithi inikezwa ukuphatha ubuhlungu obungemuva kokuhlinzwa, futhi isiguli sifundiswa ngamasu okulawula ubuhlungu.
• Ukuhlala Esibhedlela: Ubude besikhathi sokuhlala esibhedlela buyahlukahluka, kodwa iziguli zivame ukuhlala izinsuku ezimbalwa, lapho zithola ukunakekelwa nosizo.
• Ukunakekelwa Kokulandelela: Ukuqokwa kokulandelela njalo nodokotela ohlinzayo kuhlelelwe ukuqapha ukuphulukiswa, ukuhlola inqubekelaphambili, nokubhekana nanoma yikuphi ukukhathazeka.
• Ukwelashwa Komzimba Ekhaya: Ngemuva kokukhishwa, iziguli ziqhubeka nokuzivocavoca ekhaya futhi zihambele izikhathi zokwelashwa ngokomzimba.
• Iqalisa kabusha imisebenzi: Ukubuyela kancane kancane emisebenzini yansuku zonke nokuzivocavoca ukuze uthuthukise amandla nokuhamba.
• Ukuqapha Kwesikhathi Eside: Ukuhlolwa ngezikhathi ezithile kwenziwa ukuze kuhlolwe isikhathi eside nokusebenza kokushintshwa kwamadolo.

Izivivinyo zokuxilonga

Ezibhedlela ze-CARE, kwenziwa ukuhlolwa okuhlukahlukene kwamadolo ukuze kuhlonzwe izinkinga zamadolo. Ngokusekelwe kulezi zivivinyo, odokotela abahlinzayo banquma ukuthi umuntu udinga ukuhlinzwa esikhundleni samadolo noma cha. Izivivinyo zimi kanje:

Ukuhlolwa Kokuhlolwa Komzimba

• Odokotela bethu bazohlola idolo ukubona ukukhubazeka, ukuvuvukala, izinguquko embala wesikhumba, noma ububomvu.

• Bazothinta futhi bezwe idolo ukuze baphole noma bafudumale futhi bahlole ukuthi isiguli siyazizwa yini noma cha.

• Odokotela bazohlola ukunyakaza kwedolo futhi bazolalela umsindo owenziwe ngamadolo.

• Bazocela isiguli ukuhambisa idolo elihlangene nomlenze ukuze uhlole ukuhamba.

Ukuhlolwa Kwezithombe

• I-X-ray yamadolo ithathwa ukuze kutholwe ama-bone spurs, ukuqondanisa kwamalungu kanye nokuphuka.

• Izikena ze-CT zisiza odokotela ukuba babone izithombe zezicubu ezithambile njengemisipha nemigqa.

• Ama-MRIs enziwa ukuze kutholwe izithombe ezinemininingwane yezakhiwo ezivela ema-engeli ahlukene ngaphakathi kwamadolo. Lezi zihlanganisa imithambo yegazi, uqwanga namathambo.

• Ukuhlolwa kwe-arthroscopy kwenziwa ukubona i-anatomy yangaphakathi yedolo.

Ukuhlolwa Kwenziwa Ngesandla

• Ukuhlolwa kwe-Varus ne-valgus kwenziwa ukuze kunqunywe ukuzinza kwamathambo omlenze ngaphansi nangaphezulu kwamadolo. Kulezi zivivinyo, ukucindezeleka kusetshenziswa emadolweni nge-immobilization ye-ankle.

• Ukuhlolwa kokucindezela kuka-Apley kusebenzisa amandla amancane ukuze kunqunywe isimo se-meniscus yamadolo.

• Ukuhlolwa kokucindezela kwe-Patellofemoral kwenziwa lapho ukucindezela kufakwa khona ethangeni kanye ne-kneecap ukuze kuhlolwe ukuthi kukhona yini izinkinga kuleso sifunda esithile. 

Izibhedlela ZOKUNAKEKELA Zingasiza Kanjani?

Ezibhedlela ze-CARE, ithimba lodokotela abahlukahlukene lisebenzisa izinqubo ezingavamisile ukwelapha izinkinga zamadolo. Isibhedlela sihlinzeka ngezinsizakalo zokuxilonga ezibanzi zokuhlinzwa esikhundleni samadolo. Abasebenzi abaqeqeshiwe banikeza ukunakekelwa okuphelele nosizo ezigulini ngesikhathi sokululama kwazo. Ingqalasizinda yesimanjemanje yesibhedlela inika iziguli umoya omuhle ukuze zilulame ngokushesha futhi zithuthukise izinga lempilo yazo. 

Chofoza lapha ukuze uthole imininingwane eyengeziwe yokuthi lokhu kwelashwa kuzobiza malini.