Umdlavuza Wamanyikwe

Ukwelashwa Okungcono Kakhulu Kwe-Pancreatic Cancer e-Hyderabad, e-India

Ukuthuthukiswa komdlavuza we-pancreatic kuqala ezicutshini zama-pancreas. I-pancreas isitho esikhona esiswini sakho esingemuva kwengxenye engezansi yesisu. I-pancreas ikhipha ama-enzyme amaningana asiza ukugaya. Baphinde bakhiqize amahomoni amaningana asiza ekulawuleni ushukela wegazi lakho. 

Ku-pancreas, kungenzeka ukuthi kukhule izinhlobo eziningana. Lokhu kukhula kubandakanya umdlavuza kanye nezimila ezingenawo umdlavuza. Umdlavuza oqala emangqamuzaneni agudle imigudu ye-pancreas uwuhlobo oluvame kakhulu lomdlavuza we-pancreatic. 

Ngokuvamile, umdlavuza we-pancreatic utholakala ezigabeni zokuqala. Kwelapheka kakhulu ngaleso sikhathi. Imvamisa, umdlavuza we-pancreatic uhlala u-asymptomatic uze usakazekele kwezinye izitho. 

Izinketho zokwelapha umdlavuza we-pancreatic zikhethwa ngokwesisekelo sobukhulu bomdlavuza. Izinhlelo zokwelapha zihlanganisa ukuhlinzwa, ukwelashwa ngemisebe, ukwelashwa ngamakhemikhali, futhi ngezinye izikhathi konke ndawonye. 

Izimpawu Zesimo

Umdlavuza we-pancreatic ngokuvamile awubonisi noma yiziphi izimpawu ezitholakala ezigabeni zokuqala. Kuze kube yilapho lesi sifo sisakazeka ngaphezu kwama-pancreas ngokwawo, sihlala singatholakali kaningi. Umdlavuza we-pancreatic ngokuvamile unamazinga aphansi okusinda ngenxa yalesi sizathu. Okuwukuphela kokuhlukile kulokhu ama-PanNET asebenzayo. Kulokhu, ukukhiqizwa ngokweqile kwamahomoni amaningana asebenzayo kungase kubangele izimpawu ezibonakalayo. 

Umdlavuza wamanyikwe awuvamisile ukutholakala ngaphambi kokuba uhlanganise iminyaka engama-40. Ukhumbula lokhu, ezinye zezimpawu ezivamile zomdlavuza we-pancreatic zihlanganisa lezi ezilandelayo: 

• Kungase kube nobuhlungu obubonakalayo emhlane noma esiswini nangasesiswini. Indawo yobuhlungu ibaluleke kakhulu ekutholeni ingxenye yamanyikwe lapho umdlavuza wakho ungase ube khona, okungukuthi, indawo yesimila. Lobu buhlungu ngokuvamile bukhulu kakhulu ebusuku futhi bulokhu bukhula ngokuhamba kwesikhathi.

• I-jaundice, kwesinye isikhathi, ingaba inkomba yokuthuthukisa umdlavuza we-pancreatic. I-jaundice ibonakala ngokuphuzi okuphuzi emehlweni noma esikhumbeni, nomchamo obumnyama. Lokhu kungase kubonise umdlavuza ngoba uma umdlavuza usekhanda lamanye amanyikwe, uvimbela umgudu wenyongo ovamile ophumela ekubeni ne-jaundice. 

• Ukuncipha kwesisindo kungazelelwe, ukulahlekelwa ukudla kungase kubonise ukulahlekelwa umsebenzi we-exocrine okuzoholela ekugayeni kabi kokudla. 

• Ukuthuthukiswa kwesimila ku-pancreas kunethuba lokucindezela izitho ezingomakhelwane. Lokhu kuphazamisa izinqubo zokugaya ukudla futhi kwenza kube nzima ukuthi isisu sikhiphe. Lokhu kubangela isicanucanu nomuzwa ongadingekile wokugcwala. Ukuqunjelwa kungase kwenzeke ngenxa yalokhu. 

• Isifo sikashukela isikhathi eside sibeka engcupheni enkulu yokuba nomdlavuza we-pancreatic. Kwesinye isikhathi umdlavuza ungaba imbangela yesifo sikashukela kumuntu ngamunye. Abantu abaneminyaka engaphezu kuka-50, asebevele benesifo sikashukela, basengozini ephindwe kasishiyagalombili kunaleyo evamile yokuba nomdlavuza wamabele. Le ngozi iyancipha kancane kancane ngemva kweminyaka emithathu yokuba nesifo sikashukela. Isifo sikashukela singabuye sibhekwe njengophawu lokuqala lwalesi sifo. 

Izinhlobo Zezifo

Kunezinhlobo eziningi zomdlavuza we-pancreatic futhi zihlukaniswe kakhulu izigaba ezimbili. Izimo eziningi zomdlavuza we-pancreatic zenzeka engxenyeni ye-pancreas ekhiqiza ingxenye ye-exocrine (ama-enzymes wokugaya). Kunezinhlobo eziningana zomdlavuza ezihlobene nezingxenye ze-exocrine. Izinhlobo ezimbalwa kakhulu zomdlavuza we-pancreatic zihlobene nezakhi ze-endocrine. Zombili izigaba zomdlavuza we-pancreatic zenzeka kakhulu kubantu abangaphezu kweminyaka engama-40 futhi zivame kakhulu emadodeni kunabesifazane. Kukhona futhi ama-subtypes ambalwa angavamile okwenzeka kwabesifazane nasezinganeni.

I-Exocrine (Nonendocrine) Umdlavuza wePancreatic

Umdlavuza ovela kumaseli e-exocrine waziwa ngokuthi umdlavuza we-Exocrine pancreatic. Lawa maseli e-exocrine akha imigudu yamanyikwe kanye nezindlala ze-endocrine. Umsebenzi wezindlala ze-endocrine ukukhiqiza ama-enzyme asiza ekuphuleni ama-carbohydrate, amafutha, amaprotheni nama-acids. 

Cishe i-95% yomdlavuza we-pancreatic yi-exocrine pancreatic cancers. Zimi kanje: 

• I-Adenocarcinoma I-Adenocarcinoma, eyaziwa nangokuthi i-ductal carcinoma, yenza ngaphezu kwama-90% omdlavuza we-pancreatic. Ukuvela kwalo mdlavuza kulwelwesi lwamapayipi kumanyikwe. I-Adenocarcinoma nayo inethuba lokukhula kusuka kumaseli akha ama-enzyme e-pancreatic. Lokhu kwaziwa ngokuthi i-acinar cell carcinoma. Lokhu kubala i-1-2% yomdlavuza we-exocrine.
• I-Squamous Cell Carcinoma- Lolu uhlobo olungavamile kakhulu lomdlavuza we-nonendocrine. Lo mdlavuza wakheka emiseleni ye-pancreatic. Lokhu kwenziwa kuphela ngamaseli e-squamous angavamile ukutholakala kuma-pancreas. Azikho izehlakalo ezanele ze-squamous cell carcinoma ezibikiwe. Ngokuvamile, izimo eziningi zitholakala ngemva kwe-metastasis. 
• I-Adenosquamous Carcinoma Lolu futhi uhlobo olungavamile lomdlavuza we-pancreatic. Lokhu kubala kuphela i-1-4% yomdlavuza we-exocrine pancreatic. Lolu hlobo lomdlavuza nalo luhlasela kakhulu futhi alukwazi kahle ukubikezela. Isimila sibonisa izici zako zombili i-squamous cell carcinoma kanye ne-ductal adenocarcinoma.
• I-Colloid Carcinoma - Lolu olunye uhlobo olungavamile lomdlavuza we-pancreatic. I-Colloid carcinomas yenza i-1-3% kuphela yomdlavuza we-exocrine pancreatic. Uhlobo olubi lwe-cyst ludala izimila ze-colloid carcinoma.  

I-Neuroendocrine Pancreatic Cancer

Umdlavuza ovela kumaseli we-endocrine gland we-pancreas waziwa ngokuthi yi-Pancreatic neuroendocrine tumors (NETs). Izindlala ze-endocrine zamanyikwe zikhiqiza amahomoni e-insulin neglucagon egazini ukuze alawule ushukela wegazi. Lezi zimila zaziwa nangokuthi ama-islet cell tumors. Umdlavuza we-Neuroendocrine wenza ngaphansi kwe-5% yomdlavuza we-pancreatic. Lokhu kwenza kube uhlobo lomdlavuza oluyivelakancane.  

Izingozi Ezihlobene Nesifo

Izici eziyingozi ezihlobene nomdlavuza we-pancreatic zimi kanje: - 

• Njengazo zonke ezinye izifo, ingozi yomdlavuza we-pancreatic iyanda ngokuya ngeminyaka. Isikhathi esiningi, umdlavuza we-pancreatic uvela ngemuva kweminyaka engama-65. Ezimweni ezingavamile, abantu abangaphansi kweminyaka engama-65 bangaba sengozini yokuthola umdlavuza we-pancreatic. Futhi, amadoda aphathwa umdlavuza we-pancreatic ngaphezu kwabesifazane.

• Isici esilandelayo esiyingozi ukubhema ugwayi. Lena ingozi egwemeka kakhulu. Ingozi yokuthola umdlavuza we-pancreatic iphindwe kabili kubantu ababhema isikhathi eside. Uma umuntu eyeka ukubhema, ingozi iqala ukwehla kancane kancane. 

• Isisindo somzimba esiphezulu singaba imbangela yezifo eziningi. Ngakho-ke, ukukhuluphala kungaba yingozi enkulu yomdlavuza we-pancreatic. 

• Kwesinye isikhathi umdlavuza ungahlobana Nefa. Uma umuntu enomlando womndeni womdlavuza we-pancreatic, unethuba eliphezulu lokuthola umdlavuza we-pancreatic. Izakhi zofuzo ezihilelekile kulokhu azikahlonzwa zonke okwamanje. Kodwa abantu banamathuba angama-30-40% okuba nomdlavuza we-pancreatic. Abanye abantu baze babe sengozini yokuphila impilo yonke yokuba nomdlavuza we-pancreatic.

• Isifo sikashukela i-mellitus singabeka engcupheni yokuba nomdlavuza we-pancreatic.

Lesi Simo Sixilongwa Kanjani

Uma umdlavuza we-pancreatic usolwa uchwepheshe wakho wezokunakekelwa kwempilo, uzoncoma ukuthi wenze le nqubo eyodwa noma ngaphezulu: 

• Ukuhlolwa kwezithombe kusiza ukudala izithombe zezitho zangaphakathi. Amanye alawa masu ahlanganisa i-ultrasound, imaging resonance magnetic (MRI), i-computerized tomography (CT) scans, noma izikena ze-positron emission tomography (PET). 

• Kwesinye isikhathi i-scope isetshenziswa ukwenza izithombe zamanyikwe wakho. Lokhu kwaziwa ngokuthi i-endoscopic ultrasound. Le endoscope idluliselwa emphinjeni yakho nasesiswini sakho ukuze uthwebule. 

• I-biopsy yindlela esetshenziswa kakhulu ekuxilongeni izicubu ezinomdlavuza. Kule nqubo, isampula lesicubu esisendaweni yakho yesifo (kulokhu, amanyikwe) siyathathwa. Lesi sicubu sibe sesihlolwa elebhu ukuze kubhekwe ukukhula okungavamile.  

• Ukuhlolwa kwegazi kungenye indlela ephumelela kakhulu yokuhlola noma yisiphi isifo. Endabeni yomdlavuza, igazi lihlolelwa amaprotheni athile enza isimila. Lokhu kuhlolwa akuthembeki ngaso sonke isikhathi kumdlavuza we-pancreatic.

Ngemva kokuxilongwa, udokotela uzama ukuqinisekisa isigaba somdlavuza wakho. Ngokwesiteji, isiguli sibe sesinikezwa uhlelo lokwelapha. 

Ukwelashwa

Ukwelashwa komdlavuza we-pancreatic kuncike ezintweni ezimbalwa, okuhlanganisa isigaba somdlavuza, indawo yesimila, kanye nempilo yonke yesiguli. Izinketho zokwelashwa ezijwayelekile zihlanganisa:

• Ukuhlinzwa: Uma umdlavuza utholakala endaweni futhi ungasakazeki, ukuhlinzwa kungase kube inketho. Lokhu kungase kuhlanganise ukukhipha ingxenye noma wonke amanyikwe, kuye ngokuthi umdlavuza ungakanani.
• I-Chemotherapy: Lokhu kwelashwa kusebenzisa izidakamizwa ukubulala amangqamuzana omdlavuza noma ukuwavimba ekukhuleni. Ingasetshenziswa ngaphambi kokuhlinzwa ukuze kunciphe izimila, ngemva kokuhlinzwa ukuze kubulawe amangqamuzana omdlavuza asele, noma njengokwelashwa okuyinhloko kwamacala athuthukile.
• Ukwelashwa Kwemisebe: Imisebe enamandla amakhulu isetshenziselwa ukukhomba nokubulala amangqamuzana omdlavuza. Ukwelapha ngemisebe kungasetshenziswa kanye nokuhlinzwa noma ukwelashwa ngamakhemikhali.
• Ukwelapha Okuhlosiwe: Lolu hlobo lokwelapha lugxile kuma-molecule athile ahilelekile ekukhuleni nasekusakazekeni kwamangqamuzana omdlavuza. Izindlela zokwelapha ezihlosiwe zingasetshenziswa ngokuhambisana ne-chemotherapy.
• I-Immunotherapy: Lokhu kwelashwa kuhloswe ngayo ukuvuselela amasosha omzimba ukuze abone futhi abhubhise amangqamuzana omdlavuza. Kuyindlela entsha uma kuqhathaniswa futhi ingasetshenziswa ezimeni ezithile.
• Izivivinyo zemitholampilo: Ukubamba iqhaza ezivivinyweni zomtholampilo kungase kube inketho, ikakhulukazi ezimeni ezithuthukile noma eziphindelelayo. Lezi zinhlolo zihlola izindlela zokwelapha ezintsha kanye nezindlela zokwelapha.

Zingasiza Kanjani Izibhedlela Ze-CARE?

Uma ufuna ukwelashwa okungcono kakhulu komdlavuza we-pancreatic, ungathintana namaqembu e-CARE Hospitals ngale njongo. Ngengqalasizinda yethu esezingeni eliphezulu, abasebenzi abaqeqeshiwe kanye nodokotela, kanye nentshisekelo yeziguli ezinhliziyweni zethu, sinikeza ukwelashwa okungcono kakhulu okutholakalayo. Sihlinzeka ngezinhlelo zokwelashwa ezinembile futhi zizokugcina uphephile futhi unethezekile ngesikhathi senqubo eyinkimbinkimbi, ende, yokwelashwa kwakho komdlavuza.