Inyumoniya kanye nesifo sofuba

Ukwelashwa Okungcono Kakhulu Kwesifo Sofuba (TB) e-Hyderabad, India

Thola Ukwelashwa Kwenyumoniya nesifo Sofuba Ezibhedlela ze-CARE  

Isifo sofuba (TB) esisebenza nenyumoniya sibangelwa amagciwane amancane i-Mycobacterium tuberculosis. Kuyisifo esithathelwanayo, esihamba emoyeni esithinta izicubu zomuntu. Uma isifo sofuba i-M. singena emaphashini futhi sibangele izimo ezifana nenyumoniya saziwa ngokuthi yi-pulmonary tuberculosis. Iyathelelana futhi ingasakazekela kwezinye izitho zomzimba. Ngokuhlonzwa kusenesikhathi kanye nokwelashwa Ezibhedlela ze-CARE eNdiya, isifo sofuba se-pneumonia singelapheka.

Labo abane-TB equbisile abathelelani. Abanazo izimpawu njengoba amasosha omzimba evikeleka ekuguleni. Kodwa-ke, isifo sofuba esicashile singase sithuthukele ku-pulmonary noma isifo sofuba esisebenzayo. Uma umuntu enamasosha omzimba asengozini, njengokutheleleka nge-HIV, ingozi iyanda. 

Izimbangela

Inyumoniya ngokuvamile ibangelwa amagciwane, amagciwane, noma isikhunta esithelela amaphaphu, ezinezinkinga ezivamile ezihlanganisa i-Streptococcus pneumoniae kanye namagciwane omkhuhlane. 

Isifo sofuba (TB) sibangelwa ikakhulukazi amagciwane e-Mycobacterium tuberculosis, avame ukusabalala ngamaconsi okuphefumula emoyeni. Zombili lezi zifo ziphazamisa ukusebenza kwamaphaphu, okuholela ezimpawu ezifana nokukhwehlela, ubuhlungu besifuba, nobunzima bokuphefumula. 

Inyumoniya iyingozi kakhulu, ihlasela abantu bayo yonke iminyaka, kuyilapho i-TB iyisifo esingelapheki esihlasela ngokuyinhloko amaphaphu kodwa singadlulela kwezinye izitho zomzimba.

Izimpawu

Inyumoniya nesifo sofuba kungabonakala ngalezi zimpawu ezilandelayo-

• khwehlela uphlegm

• khwehlela igazi

• ube nomkhuhlane ongaguquki

• imfiva yezinga eliphansi

• ngijuluke ebusuku

• babe nezinhlungu esifubeni

• babe nokuncipha kwesisindo ngendlela engachazeki

Ukukhathala nakho kungenye yezimpawu ezivamile ezihlobene nesifo sofuba se-pulmonary pneumonia. Umuntu angase abe nesinye noma ngaphezulu kwezimpawu futhi kudingeke ukuthi axilongwe ngendlela efanele. Lezi zimpawu ngeke ziphele ngemithi eyisisekelo futhi kudingeka ukwelashwa okuphelele.

Izingozi Zezingozi

Abantu abathintana ngqo nalabo abane-TB basengozini enkulu yokuthola isifo sofuba se-pulmonary pneumonia. Lokhu kungabandakanya ukuthintana nomndeni noma abangani abane-TB, noma ukusebenza ezindaweni noma ukuba ezindaweni ezifana-

• izikhungo zokuhlunyeleliswa kwezimilo

• izindlu zamaqembu

• amakhaya anesihlengikazi

• Izibhedlela

• Ama-Shelter

Abantu abasengozini -

• abadala asebekhulile

• izingane ezincane

• abantu ababhemayo

• abantu abane-autoimmune disorder

•  Lupus

• rheumatoid arthritis

• abantu abanesifo sikashukela noma isifo sezinso

• abantu abajova izidakamizwa

• abantu abane-immunocompromised

•  HIV

• belashwa ngamakhemikhali

• ama-steroids angapheli

Isifo sofuba samaphaphu siyelapheka ngemithi, kodwa uma singelashwa noma singelapheka kahle, singabulala. Isifo sofuba samaphaphu esingalashwa singaholela ekulimaleni okuhlala isikhathi eside ezithweni ezinjenge-

• Amapulazi

• Brain

• Isibindi

• Heart

• emgogodleni

Sifo

Ukuxilongwa kuqalwa ngokuhlolwa ngokomzimba ukuhlola okuqukethwe koketshezi lwamaphaphu. Udinga futhi ukutshela udokotela wakho ngomlando wakho wezokwelapha. Odokotela baphinde batusa ukuskenwa kwe-X-ray nokuhlolwa ukuze kuqinisekiswe isifo sofuba se-pulmonary pneumonia.

• Udokotela uzocela ukukhwehlela futhi anxenxe isikhwehlela izikhathi ezintathu ukuze kuhlonzwe isifo sofuba se-pulmonary pneumonia. Amasampula azothunyelwa elabhorethri ukuze enze ukuhlolwa kokuqinisekisa. Bazohlola isikhwehlela ngesibonakhulu bese bebona ukuthi kukhona isifo sofuba. 

• Isikhwehlela siphinde senziwe ngokuhlolwa kwesiko- Kuyinqubo lapho sigcinwa khona entweni ethile. Le nto ikhuthaza ukukhula kwamagciwane esifo sofuba. Ukuchuma kuzothola i-TB njengenayo.

• I-polymerase chain reaction (PCR) ingenziwa futhi ngochwepheshe bezokwelapha. Ibheka izakhi zofuzo ezithile ezivela kuma-microorganisms abangela isifo sofuba esikhwehlela.

• I-CT scan- Ukuthwebula izithombe ukuze amaphaphu athole i-TB.

• I-Bronchoscopy- Ukuhlolwa lapho kufakwa khona i-scope emlonyeni noma ekhaleni futhi kuhlolwe ipheshana namaphaphu.

• I-Thoracentesis- Uketshezi lukhishwa odongeni lwesifuba namaphaphu.

• I-Lung Biopsy- Kuthathwa isampula yezicubu zamaphaphu.

Ukwelashwa 

Abantu abane-TB emaphakathi futhi abangazange babe ne-TB yamaphaphu kufanele belashwe ngoba kungase kuholele ku-TB ebanga inyumoniya. Odokotela banikeza imithi eminingi nemithi izinyanga ezingu-6 ukuze kuqedwe i-TB yamaphaphu.

Njengokwelashwa okuqinisekisayo, udokotela angase aphakamise inqubo eyaziwa ngokuthi i-direct observed therapy (DOT). Ukumisa ukwelashwa noma ukweqa imithamo kungabangela isifo sofuba se-pulmonary pneumonia ukuthi singazweli emishanguzweni. Kungabangela i-MDR-TB. 

I-MDR-TB wuhlobo lwesifo sofuba esiqala ukumelana nama-antibiotic ajwayelekile. Izici ezibangela lokho-

• umuthi ongalungile

• abantu abasheshe bayeke ukwelashwa

• abantu abaphuza imithi esezingeni eliphansi

Abantu ababa ne-MDR-TB banemithi yokwelapha embalwa. Ukwelashwa komugqa wesibili kungathatha iminyaka emibili ukuqedwa. I-MDR-TB inamandla okuqhubekela phambili ibe yi-TB engazweli emishanguzweni ebanzi (XDR-TB). Ngakho thatha imithi yakho ngesikhathi.

Amanye amathiphu okufanele uwakhumbule-

• Nsuku zonke, thatha imithi yakho ngesikhathi esifanayo.

• Bhala ekhalendeni lakho ukukhumbuza ukuthi uphuze umuthi wakho.

• Cela ukuthi othile akukhumbuze ukuthi uphuze umuthi wakho nsuku zonke.

• Umhleli wamaphilisi uyindlela engcono kakhulu yokugcina umkhondo wemithi yakho.

Prevention 

Ukuvimbela Inyumoniya:

• Ukugoma:
  • Imithi yokugomela i-pneumococcal ivikela ngokumelene ne-Streptococcus pneumoniae, ibhaktheriya evamile ebangela inyumoniya.
  • Imithi yokugomela umkhuhlane inciphisa ingozi yenyumoniya ehambisana namagciwane omkhuhlane.
• Imikhuba Emihle Yenhlanzeko:
  • Ukugeza izandla njalo kusiza ekuvimbeleni ukusabalala kwezifo zokuphefumula.
  • Ukugwema ukusondelana nabantu abagulayo kunciphisa ingozi yokutheleleka.
• Indlela Yokuphila Enempilo:
  • Ukudla okwanele nokuzivocavoca kusekela isimiso somzimba sokuzivikela ezifweni esiqinile.
  • Ukugwema intuthu kagwayi kanye nokunciphisa ukuchayeka ezintweni ezingcolisayo kungavikela impilo yamaphaphu.

Ukuvimbela Isifo Sofuba:

• Ukugonyelwa isifo sofuba:
  • Umuthi wokugomela i-Bacillus Calmette-Guérin (BCG) usetshenziswa emazweni amaningi ukuvimbela izinhlobo ezinzima ze-TB, ikakhulukazi ezinganeni.
• Izinyathelo Zokulawula Ukutheleleka:
  • Ukuhlonza nokuhlukanisa abantu abane-TB ephilayo kusiza ukuvimbela ukusabalala kwamagciwane.
  • Ukungena komoya ngendlela efanele ezindaweni ezivalekile kunciphisa ingozi yokudluliselwa ngomoya.
• Ukwelashwa Kwama-antibiotic (Prophylaxis):
  • Ukwelapha ukutheleleka kwe-TB ecashile ngama-antibiotics kungavimbela ukuqhubekela phambili esifweni se-TB esiphilayo.
• Imfundo Nokuqwashisa:
  • Ukuthuthukisa ukuqwashisa ngokudluliselwa kwe-TB, izimpawu, kanye nokufuna usizo lwezokwelapha kusenesikhathi kusiza ukuvikela.
• Ukuhlola Othintana Naye:
  • Ukuhlola abantu abebesondelene neziguli ze-TB kusiza ukuhlonza nokwelapha izifo ezicashile ngokushesha.

Kungani Khetha Izibhedlela ze-CARE 

Ifa lezibhedlela ze-CARE lichazwa ngokuzibophezela okungaguquki ekusebenzeni kahle emtholampilo, izindleko eziphansi, ubuchwepheshe obusezingeni eliphezulu, kanye nocwaningo lokucabanga phambili kanye nezemfundo. Isibhedlela i-CARE singesinye sezibhedlela zokuqala emhlabeni ukusebenzisa ubuchwepheshe ukusiza ngokuhlinzeka ngosizo lwezempilo olungenazihibe. 

 Inhloso yethu ukwenza ukunakekelwa kwezempilo okusezingeni lomhlaba kufinyeleleke kuwo wonke umuntu. Sisebenzela ukuzuzisa isintu futhi sizinikele ekuzuzeni nasekugcineni ukugqwesa kwezemfundo, ucwaningo, nokunakekelwa kwezempilo.