Umdlavuza Wobuchopho Nomgogodla

Ukwelashwa komdlavuza weBrain and Spinal Cord e-Hyderabad, eNdiya

Ubuchopho bethu nomgogodla kubhekwa njengengxenye ebalulekile yesimiso sethu sezinzwa. Ngakho-ke, lolu hlobo lomdlavuza ngokuvamile lwaziwa ngokuthi yi-Central nervous system tumor. 

Umdlavuza Wobuchopho Nomgogodla ungenzeka ezinganeni nakubantu abadala. Kodwa-ke, uhlobo lomdlavuza olwakhiwe lungahluka kubantu abadala nasezinganeni. Angakheka ezindaweni ezihlukene, angaba nezinhlobo zamangqamuzana ahlukene, futhi angaba nokwelashwa okuhlukile kanye nemibono. 

Izinhlobo Zomdlavuza Wobuchopho Nomgogodla Kwabantu Abadala 

Kunezinhlobo ezimbili kakhulu zomdlavuza wobuchopho nowomgogodla:

1. Izimila ze-Primary Brain (noma umgogodla) - Umdlavuza oqala ebuchosheni noma emgogodleni waziwa ngokuthi amathumba obuchopho obuyinhloko (noma umgogodla). 
2. Ubuchopho besibili (noma umgogodla) izimila - Okwaziwa nangokuthi umdlavuza we-metastatic, lolu hlobo lwesimila luqala kwenye ingxenye yomzimba futhi lusakazekele ebuchosheni noma emgogodleni. 

Kubantu abadala, izimila zobuchopho besibili (noma umgogodla) zivame ukutholakala uma kuqhathaniswa ne-tumor yobuchopho obuyinhloko (noma umgogodla). 

Izimila eziqala ebuchosheni noma emgogodleni, ngokungafani nezifo ezimbi eziqala kwezinye izifunda zomzimba, ekugcineni zisakazekela ezithweni ezahlukene zomzimba. Nakuba, izimila ezinobungozi (ezingezona umdlavuza) zobuchopho noma umgogodla azivamile. Nokho, zisengadala umonakalo ngokusabalalisa nokuphindaphindeka ezindaweni ezizungezile, lapho zingabulala khona izicubu zobuchopho ezivamile. Amathumba amaningi obuchopho noma omgogodla azoqhubeka nokukhula futhi abe yingozi empilweni ngaphandle kokuthi akhishwe noma abhujiswe. 

Izinhlobo Zomdlavuza Wobuchopho Nomgogodla Ezinganeni 

Izinhlobo ezimbalwa zomdlavuza wobuchopho nomgogodla ezinganeni zingafaka:

1. I-Astrocytomas: I-Astrocytomas ibhekisela kumathumba aqala kuma-astrocyte, okuwuhlobo lweseli le-glial elisekela futhi liphakele amangqamuzana ezinzwa.
2. I-Oligodendrogliomas: Lolu hlobo lwesimila luqala emangqamuzaneni obuchopho aziwa ngokuthi ama-oligodendrocyte. Zingamathumba ebanga lesi-2 akhula kancane. Kodwa-ke, kwezinye izimo, lezi zimila zingasakazekela kumathishu eseli yobuchopho aseduze angakwazi ukususwa ngisho nangokuhlinzwa. 
3. I-Ependymomas: I-Ependymomas yenza cishe u-5% wazo zonke izimila zobuchopho ezinganeni. Lezi zimila ziqala kumaseli e-ependymal ahambisana nama-ventricles omgogodla noma umsele omaphakathi.

Ezinye izinhlobo zomdlavuza ezingakhula ezinganeni zingabandakanya:

• I-Brain Stem Gliomas

• Izimila embryonal 

• Izicubu ze-pineal

• I-Craniopharyngiomas 

• Izimila ze-glial ne-neuronal ezihlanganisiwe 

• Izimila ze-Choroid plexus

• I-Schwannomas (neurilemmomas)

Izimbangela Zomdlavuza Wobuchopho Nomgogodla

Izizathu eziqondile zokubunjwa kwezicubu eziningi zomgogodla azikacaci. Kunokusola kochwepheshe ukuthi kungase kuhileleke ukuphazamiseka kwezakhi zofuzo, kodwa ngokuvamile akuqiniseki ukuthi lezi zinkinga zofuzo zitholakala ngofuzo noma zivela kancane kancane. Izici zemvelo, okuhlanganisa ukuchayeka okungaba khona kumakhemikhali athile, kungaba nomthelela ekuthuthukisweni kwawo. Kodwa-ke, ezimweni ezithile, izimila zomgogodla zihlotshaniswa nezimo zofuzo ezibhalwe kahle njenge-neurofibromatosis 2 kanye nesifo se-von Hippel-Lindau.

Izimpawu Ezijwayelekile Zomdlavuza Wobuchopho Nomgogodla

Izimila kunoma iyiphi indawo yobuchopho zingadala ukwanda komfutho we-intracranial (kubhekisela ekucindezelweni kogebhezi). Lokhu kungabangelwa ukuvuvukala kobuchopho, ukukhula kwesimila, noma ukuvinjelwa ekudluleni koketshezi lwe-cerebrospinal (CSF). Ukwenyuka komfutho wegazi kungabangela izimpawu ezihlukahlukene, kuhlanganise:

• bekhanda

• Ukucanuzela kwenhliziyo 

• Ukuvota 

• Umbono ophundlekile 

• Izinkinga zokulinganisela 

• Ukuziphatha noma ubuntu bushintsha 

• ukuquleka

• Ukozela; futhi ngezinye izikhathi ngisho ne-coma 

Ngenxa yokuthi ubuchopho bulawula ukusebenza kwezitho ezihlukahlukene, kuhlanganise namahomoni, izimila zobuchopho zingaveza izinhlobonhlobo zezinye izimpawu ezingafakiwe lapha.

Ukuba nesibonakaliso esisodwa noma eziningi ezinikeziwe akusho ngaso sonke isikhathi ukuthi unobuchopho noma isimila somgogodla. Kunalokho, zonke lezi zimpawu zingabangelwa esinye isimo. Noma kunjalo, uma unanoma iyiphi yalezi zimpawu, ikakhulukazi uma zingasuki noma zibe zimbi ngokuhamba kwesikhathi, thintana nodokotela wakho ngokushesha. 

Ukuxilongwa Okujwayelekile Komdlavuza Wobuchopho Nomgogodla

Ukuxilongwa komdlavuza wobuchopho nomgogodla kungabandakanya,

• Ukuhlolwa Komzimba kanye Nomlando Wezempilo

Udokotela uzohlola umzimba ukuze abheke izimpawu ezijwayelekile zempilo, okuhlanganisa nokutholwa kwezimpawu ezihlobene nesifo njengezimila noma yini enye ebonakala iyinqaba. Kuzothathwa umlando wemikhuba yempilo yesiguli, kanye nezifo nokwelashwa kwangaphambilini.

• Ukuhlolwa Kwezinzwa

Lokhu kuhlolwa kuhilela imibuzo nezivivinyo zokuhlola ukusebenza komgogodla, ubuchopho, nezinzwa. Ukuhlolwa kuzohlola isimo sengqondo somuntu okuhlanganisa ukusebenzisana kwakhe, ikhono lokuhamba ngendlela evamile, nokubheka ukuthi ingabe inzwa, imisipha, nokukhalipha kusebenza kahle yini. 

• I-Magnetic Resonance Imaging (MRI) ene-gadolinium 

I-MRI inqubo esebenzisa amaza omsakazo kanye nozibuthe ukuze uthole izithombe ezinemininingwane yobuchopho nomgogodla. Into eyaziwa ngokuthi i-gadolinium ifakwa emthanjeni kule nqubo. Iqhaza le-gadolinium ukuqoqa amaseli omdlavuza ukukhombisa isithombe esigqamile. 

• Ukuhlolwa kwe-serum tumor marker

Lokhu kubhekisela enqubweni lapho amasampula egazi esiguli ehlolwa khona ukuze kulinganiswe izinto ezikhishelwa egazini ngezicubu, izitho, noma amaseli wesimila emzimbeni. 

Ukwelashwa Okujwayelekile Komdlavuza Wobuchopho Nomgogodla

Ukwelashwa komdlavuza wobuchopho nomgogodla kuncike ezintweni ezihlukahlukene njengobukhulu, uhlobo, kanye nesigaba sesimila. Ezinye zezindlela zokwelapha ezijwayelekile zezingane kanye nabantu abadala zingabandakanya:

• Neurosurgery

Enye yezindlela zokwelapha zokuqala zanoma yiluphi uhlobo lomdlavuza kungaba ukuhlinzwa ukuze kukhishwe isimila emzimbeni. Neurosurgery ibhekisela ekuhlinzweni okwenziwa ohlelweni lwezinzwa. 

• I-Radiation Therapy

I-Radiation Therapy ibhekisela ekusetshenzisweni kwemishayo enamandla amakhulu, njengama-proton noma ama-X-ray, ukubulala amangqamuzana omdlavuza akhona futhi awavimbe ukuba angakhuli noma ande. Le nqubo ingasiza ngisho nokunciphisa isisindo se-tumor. Izinhlobo ezahlukene zokwelapha ngemisebe zingenziwa ngokusekelwe kusayizi, ubudala, kanye nesigaba sesimila. Lokhu kubandakanya:

• I-Whole Brain Radiation 
• I-Conventional Beam Radiation yangaphandle
• I-3D-CRT (i-Three-dimensional Conformal Radiotherapy)
• I-IMRT (Intensity Modulated Radiation Therapy)
• I-Hyper-fractionation 
• I-Proton Beam Therapy 
• Imisakazo

Le nqubo iwukwelashwa kwesikhathi esisodwa. Ku-Radiosurgery, udokotela uzosebenzisa imishayo yemisebe egxilile eminingi eqondiswe kusimila ebuchosheni noma emgogodleni osuka ema-engeli ahlukahlukene. Njengokwelashwa ngemisebe, le nqubo izosiza ukumisa ukukhula kwesimila. Ngokuvamile isetshenziselwa ukwelapha izimila ezingafinyeleleki. Kunezinhlobo ezimbili ze-radiosurgery:

• I-LINAC (I-Linear-Accelerated Radiosurgery)
• I-RadioSurgery 
• Ukwelashwa ngamakhemikhali

Ukwelashwa ngamakhemikhali ibhekisela ekusetshenzisweni kwezidakamizwa ezinamandla ezingajovwa noma ziphuzwe ngomlomo ukuze zibulale amangqamuzana omdlavuza futhi ziwavimbele ukuthi angakhuli noma ande. 

• Ukwelashwa okubhekiswe

Lokhu kubhekisela ekwelashweni komdlavuza okusebenzisa izinhlobo ezithile zemithi ukukhomba amaprotheni athile kanye nezakhi zofuzo eziyingxenye yesimila. 

Izici zengozi

Izimila zomgogodla zivame ukwenzeka kaningi kubantu abanezimo ezilandelayo:

• I-Neurofibromatosis 2: Lesi sifo esitholakala ngofuzo sibonakala ngokukhula kwezimila ezingenamdlavuza eduze kwemizwa ehlobene nokuzwa. Kungaholela ekulahlekelweni kokuzwa kancane kancane endlebeni eyodwa noma zombili, futhi abanye abantu abane-neurofibromatosis 2 nabo bahlakulela izimila ngaphakathi komsele womgogodla.
• Isifo sika-Von Hippel-Lindau: Lokhu kuphazamiseka okungavamile, kwesistimu kuhlotshaniswa nokuthuthukiswa kwezimila zemithambo yegazi, ezaziwa ngokuthi i-hemangioblastomas, ebuchosheni, kwi-retina, nasemgogodleni. Ukwengeza, kuhlotshaniswa nezinye izinhlobo zezimila ezitholakala ezinso noma izindlala ze-adrenal.

Izinkinga

Izimila zomgogodla zinamandla okucindezela izinzwa zomgogodla, okuholela ekulahlekelweni kokuzwa noma ukunyakaza ngaphansi kwesayithi lesimila. Kwezinye izimo, lokhu kungase futhi kuholele ekushintsheni kokulawula amathumbu nesinye. Ukulimala kwezinzwa ngezinye izikhathi akunakulungiseka.

Noma kunjalo, uma kutholwa kusenesikhathi futhi kulawulwa ngokwelashwa okusebenzayo, kungase kwenzeke ukuvimbela ukwehla okuqhubekayo emsebenzini ngisho nokululama nokusebenza kwezinzwa. Ubukhulu besimo bungase buhluke kuye ngokuthi i-tumor ikuphi; uma icindezela umgogodla ngokuqondile, ingaba yingozi esongela ukuphila.

Izibhedlela ze-CARE zingasiza kanjani?

CARE Izibhedlela a isibhedlela esinezipesheli eziningi ehlinzeka ukwelashwa komdlavuza wobuchopho nomgogodla ngohlu oluphelele lwemisebenzi ekhethekile yokuhlinzwa nokunakekelwa kwezokwelapha ngaphansi kophahla olulodwa. Odokotela bethu nabasebenzi basesibhedlela se-brain tumor e-Hyderabad banekhono eliphezulu futhi banesipiliyoni futhi bazokunakekela kakhulu. Sisebenzisa ubuchwepheshe besimanje, ingqalasizinda, okokusebenza, nezinye izinsiza zokuxilonga ukuze sisize iziguli zethu ziphile umthombo wempilo wekhwalithi.