Breast Cancer

Ukwelashwa Okuhamba phambili Komdlavuza Webele e-Hyderabad, India

Amaseli omdlavuza atholakala ebeleni aziwa ngokuthi umdlavuza webele. Umdlavuza webele ungomunye wemidlavuza etholakala kakhulu kwabesifazane. Umdlavuza webele ungaqala kunoma iyiphi ingxenye yesitho. Isifuba siqukethe ama-lobules, izindlala ezikhiqiza ubisi. Umdlavuza ovela kuma-lobule ubizwa ngokuthi umdlavuza we-lobular.

Imibhobho iyimisele emincane ephuma kuma-lobule futhi yenza umsebenzi wokuthwala ubisi ezingonweni. Imibhobho yilapho imidlavuza eminingi itholakala khona futhi yaziwa ngokuthi yi-ductal cancer. 

Imbobo esikhumbeni sebele, lapho imigudu ihlangana khona ukuze yakhe imigudu emikhulu ukuze ubisi luphume ebeleni, yaziwa ngokuthi ingono. Lokhu kuzungezwe isikhumba esimnyama esimnyama esaziwa ngokuthi i-areola. Umdlavuza osuka engonweni waziwa ngokuthi yi-paget disease yebele.

I-stroma, okungamafutha kanye nezicubu ezixhumeneyo, izungeza imigudu nama-lobule ukuze iwagcine esendaweni. Umdlavuza webele otholakala ku-stroma waziwa ngokuthi yi-phyllodes tumor. Umdlavuza webele ungase futhi ube usongo lokusabalala lapho ungena egazini noma ohlelweni lwe-lymph, ukusuka lapho ungathwalwa uye kwezinye izingxenye zomzimba. 

Izinhlobo zomdlavuza webele

I-Angiosarcoma

Lolu uhlobo olungavamile lomdlavuza olutholakala olwelweni lwegazi nemithambo ye-lymph. Imikhumbi ye-lymph iyingxenye yamasosha omzimba futhi yenza umsebenzi wokuqoqa amabhaktheriya, amagciwane, njll. Kusukela egazini nokuwaqeda. 

Izimpawu

• Ukuvuvukala endaweni ethintekile

• Ipheshana eliphephuli elifana nesikhumba esikhumbeni

• Isilonda esopha uma siklwejwa

Izimbangela

1. Ukuchayeka kumakhemikhali afana ne-arsenic ne-vinyl chloride kungandisa ingozi yomdlavuza webele. 

2. Umlando wangaphambilini wokwelashwa ngemisebe nawo ungafakazela usongo ekuveleni komdlavuza webele. 

3. Ukuvuvukala okubangelwa ukulimala kwemikhumbi ye-lymph eyaziwa ngokuthi i-lymphedema nakho kungaholela kumdlavuza webele.

I-Ductal Carcinoma e-Situ (I-DCIS)        

Ukukhula kwamangqamuzana angavamile emiseleni yobisi yebele kubangela i-ductal carcinoma in situ. Lezi zaziwa njengezigaba zokuqala zomdlavuza webele. I-Dcis ayifuni futhi ngenxa yalokho kulula ukuyiphatha

Izimpawu

• Isigaxa ebeleni

• Ukuphuma kwegazi engonweni. 

Izimbangela

1. Ukuguga

2. Umlando womndeni kumdlavuza webele

3. Isikhathi sokuqala ngaphambi kweminyaka eyi-12

4. Ukuzalwa kokuqala ngemva kweminyaka engama-30

5. Ukuya esikhathini ngemva kwama-55

6. ukungazali

7. Ukuguqulwa kofuzo okwandisa ingozi yomdlavuza wegazi

I-lobular carcinoma ehlaselayo

Lolu hlobo lomdlavuza lukhula ezindlaleni ezikhiqiza ubisi, ama-lobules webele. I-Invasive iphakamisa ukuthi umdlavuza ususabalele kuma-lymph nodes nakwezinye izitho/izindawo zomzimba. 

Izimpawu

1. Indawo ebeleni yabonwa ukuthi iyajiya.

2. Ukuvuvukala ebeleni

3. Ingono ehlanekezelwe

4. Ukushintsha ukubonakala kwesikhumba phezu kwebele. 

Izimbangela

1. Ukuguga

2. Ukuthola ukuthi une-lcis (lobular carcinoma in situ)

3. Ama-syndromes omdlavuza wofuzo 

4. Ukusetshenziswa kwama-hormone ngemuva kokuya esikhathini. 

Umdlavuza webele ovuthayo

Lolu uhlobo olungavamile lomdlavuza olusakazeka ngokushesha. Kulolu hlobo lomdlavuza, amangqamuzana omdlavuza avimba imithambo ye-lymphatic ekhona esikhumbeni esivale ibele. Lokhu kubangela ukuthi ibele libe bomvu, livuvukele. Lona umdlavuza osekhulile osakazeka ngamandla ezicutshini eziseduze nama-lymph nodes. 

Izimpawu

1. Ubumnene ebeleni

2. Ubuhlungu 

3. Ukuqina, ubunzima noma ukwanda kwebele elilodwa

4. Ukwandiswa kwama-lymph nodes ngaphansi kwezingalo, ngaphezulu noma ngaphansi kwe-collarbone.

5. Ingono iphendukela phakathi. 

6. Ukushintsha umbala webele (obomvu, onsomi, opinki noma omile)

Izimbangela

1. Ubudala obuncane

2. Abesifazane abamnyama basengozini enkulu yokuvuvukala komdlavuza webele

3. Ukukhuluphala ngokweqile kunezela engcupheni yokuvuvukala komdlavuza webele. 

Umdlavuza webele ovamile

Lolu hlobo lomdlavuza lunamandla okuphinda lwenzeke ngemva kokwelashwa kokuqala. Noma ngabe ukwelashwa kokuqala kube yimpumelelo ekuqedeni amangqamuzana omdlavuza, kusenethuba lokuthi ambalwa amaseli abengasinda. Lamangqamuzana ayanda futhi abangele umdlavuza webele futhi. Lokhu kungathatha izinyanga noma iminyaka ukuthi kuphinde kwenzeke ngemva kokwelashwa kokuqala futhi kungabonakala endaweni efanayo (ukuphindaphinda kwendawo) noma kungaqashelwa kwezinye izindawo zomzimba (ukuphindaphinda okude). Ngakho-ke, umuntu kufanele abeke ithemba esibhedlela esingcono kakhulu sokwelashwa komdlavuza webele eHyderabad.

Izimpawu

Ukuphindeka kwendawo

1. Ukuphuma ezingonweni

2. Izinguquko ezibonwa esikhumbeni sebele

3. Isigaxa ebeleni

4. Ukuvuvukala kwesikhumba

Ukuphindaphinda okukude

1. Ukukhwehlela okuqhubekayo

2. Ukulahlekelwa ukudla

3. Ukuphelelwa umoya

4. ukuquleka

5. Ukuphathwa yikhanda

6. Ukwehla kwesisindo ngokungazelelwe. 

Izimbangela

1. Ubudala obuncane. Abantu abaneminyaka engaphansi kuka-35 basengozini enkulu yokuhlaselwa umdlavuza webele

2. Ukukhuluphala

3. Umdlavuza otholakala ngaphakathi noma eduze kwama-lymph nodes ngesikhathi sokuxilongwa kokuqala ungaba usongo kumdlavuza webele ophindelelayo.

4. Ukuntuleka kokwelashwa ngemisebe ngesikhathi se-lumpectomy. 

5. Abantu okutholwe ukuthi banomdlavuza webele ovuvukalayo bangaba sengcupheni yokuphinda kwenzeke endaweni. 

Sifo 

• Ekuqaleni, udokotela uzohlola ibele kuwo womabili amabele kanye nama-lymph nodes emakhwapheni, ukuze ezwe noma yisiphi isigaxa noma ukungavamile. 

• I-mammogram ingenye indlela yokuhlola, okuyi-X-ray yebele. 

• I-breast ultrasound yenziwa lapho amaza omsindo esiza ekukhiqizeni izithombe zezakhiwo ngaphakathi komzimba. Lokhu kuhlola kusiza ekuxilongeni ukuthi isigaxa sebele sigcwele isisindo noma ukuthi i-cyst egcwele uketshezi. 

• Ukwenza i-biopsy lapho amasampula amaseli ebeleni akhishwa ukuze ahlolwe. 

• I-Breast MRI, lapho kusetshenziswa khona uzibuthe namaza omsakazo ukuthola izithombe zangaphakathi zebele. 

Ukwelashwa

Odokotela abavela ezibhedlela ze-CARE basebenza ngokukhethekile ekwelashweni komdlavuza webele eHyderabad futhi banquma ukwelashwa kuye ngempilo evamile yesiguli, uhlobo lomdlavuza webele, ubukhulu, indawo, isiteji nalapho amangqamuzana ezwela amahomoni. 

1. Ukuhlinzwa komdlavuza webele

• I-Lumpectomy, lapho isimila sisuswa khona kanye nomkhawulo omncane wezicubu ezinempilo ezizungezile. Le nqubo ingenziwa esibhedlela esingcono kakhulu somdlavuza webele e-Hyderabad futhi iyasebenza kumathumba amancane ngosayizi.
• I-Mastectomy noma ukususa ibele lonke. Kule nqubo, udokotela ohlinzayo ususa zonke izicubu zamabele, okuhlanganisa ama-lobule, imigudu, izicubu ezinamafutha, nesikhumba esithile, kanye nengono ne-areola. 
• I-Sentinel node biopsy, lapho kukhishwa khona inani elilinganiselwe lama-lymph node. 
• I-Axillary lymph node dissection noma ukususwa kwama-lymph nodes amaningana. Le nqubo yenziwa uma umdlavuza utholwa ku-sentinel lymph node.
• Ewakhipha womabili amabele. 

I-2. Ukwelashwa kwamafutha

Le ndlela isebenzisa imishayo yamandla yamandla aphezulu, njengama-x ray noma ama-proton, ukuze kuqedwe amaseli omdlavuza. Umshini omkhulu uqondiswe esithweni somzimba esihlaselwe umdlavuza. Kuye ngokwelashwa, imisebe yomdlavuza webele ingahlala amasonto amathathu kuya kwayisithupha.

Imiphumela engemihle ngenxa yokwelashwa ngemisebe ihlanganisa ukukhathala, ukuqubuka lapho umsebe wemisebe uhloselwe khona, kanye nezicubu zebele ezivuvukele. Ezimweni ezingavamile kakhulu, lokhu kungabangela umonakalo noma izinkinga enhliziyweni noma emaphashini. 

3. Ukwelashwa ngamakhemikhali 

Le ndlela idinga usizo emithini ukuze ibulale ukusabalala kwamangqamuzana abangela umdlavuza. Ngezinye izikhathi, i-chemotherapy iphakanyiswa ngaphambi kokuhlinzwa ukuze kuncishiswe isimila, ngaleyo ndlela kube lula ukusikhipha ngesikhathi sokuhlinzwa.

Imiphumela engemihle etholakala ngenxa yokwelashwa ngamakhemikhali ingahlanganisa ukuqothuka kwezinwele, isicanucanu, ukukhathala, ukuhlanza, njll. Kwezinye izimo, kungase futhi kubangele ubunyumba noma ukulimala kwenhliziyo noma izinso. 

Izibhedlela ze-CARE zikunikeza isibhedlela esingcono kakhulu somdlavuza webele eHyderabad esinodokotela abanekhono nabanolwazi olunzulu. 

Ukuze uthole ulwazi olwengeziwe mayelana nezindleko zale nqubo, Chofoza lapha.