immunotherapy

I-Immunotherapy Cancer Treatment e-Hyderabad

I-Immunotherapy uhlobo lokwelashwa komdlavuza olusiza amasosha akho omzimba ukulwa nomdlavuza. Ucwaningo lokwelapha umdlavuza ngempumelelo seluqhubeke amashumi eminyaka. Izindlela ezehlukene zokwelapha manje zenziwa ngempumelelo umdlavuza. Enye indlela enjalo i-immunotherapy. Kuyindlela entsha lapho amasosha omzimba esiguli esetshenziswa ukulwa namangqamuzana omdlavuza womzimba. Ukwelashwa kusebenza ngokukhuphula noma ukushintsha indlela amasosha omzimba asebenza ngayo ukuze asisize athole amangqamuzana omdlavuza futhi awahlasele.

Nakuba i-immunotherapy akuyona indlela evamile yokwelapha umdlavuza, isetshenziselwa izinhlobo ezithile zomdlavuza. Ngokuvamile, imithi efana imiphumela emibi yokwelashwa ngamakhemikhali, ukuhlinzwa, nokwelashwa ngemisebe kuyizinqubo ezivame kakhulu zokwelapha umdlavuza.

I-immunotherapy isebenza kanjani ngokumelene nomdlavuza?

Amasosha omzimba adlala indima ebalulekile ekuhlonzeni nasekuqedeni amaseli angajwayelekile, angasiza ekuvimbeleni noma anciphise ukukhula kwezinhlobo eziningi zomdlavuza. Kwezinye izimo, amaseli omzimba aziwa ngokuthi ama-tumor-infiltrating lymphocytes (TILs) angatholakala ngaphakathi nasezindaweni ezizungeze izimila, okubonisa ukuthi amasosha omzimba asabela ngenkuthalo kumdlavuza. Iziguli ezinama-TIL emathunjini azo zivame ukuba nemiphumela emihle kakhulu uma ziqhathaniswa nalezo ezingenawo.
Kodwa-ke, amangqamuzana omdlavuza aguqule izindlela zokubalekela amasosha omzimba. Bangase babe nezinguquko zofuzo ezibenza bangabonakali amasosha omzimba, babonise amaprotheni angaphezulu avimbela umsebenzi wamangqamuzana omzimba omzimba, noma asebenzise amaseli avamile aseduze ukuze aphazamise ukusabela komzimba.

I-Immunotherapy iyindlela yezokwelapha eklanyelwe ukuthuthukisa ukusebenza kahle kwamasosha omzimba ngokumelene nomdlavuza, ekugcineni isize ekulweni nomdlavuza ngokulwa nalawa maqhinga okubalekela.

Izinzuzo ze-Immunotherapy

I-Immunotherapy ibhekwa njengenye yezindlela zokwelapha eziphumelela kakhulu zokulwa nomdlavuza. Ezinye zezinzuzo zayo ezibalulekile zihlanganisa: 

• Ngokuvamile iphephile kunezinye izindlela zokwelapha futhi inemiphumela engemihle embalwa.
• I-Immunotherapy ihlose ngokuqondile amasosha omzimba, hhayi umzimba wonke.
• Ithuthukisa ukusebenza kwezinye izindlela zokwelapha umdlavuza, njenge-chemotherapy nemisebe.
• Nakuba i-chemotherapy kanye nemisebe ingase ingasebenzi kwamanye ama-cancer anjalo eqhubekayo yomdlavuza wesikhumba, i-immunotherapy ingasebenza.
• I-Immunotherapy inciphisa amathuba okubuya komdlavuza.

Izinhlobo zeCancer ezingaphathwa yi-immunotherapy

I-Immunotherapy iboniswe ukuthi iyasebenza ekwelapheni izinhlobo eziningi zomdlavuza. Odokotela abaningi manje basebenzisa i-immunotherapy kaningi njengengxenye yenqubo yabo evamile yokwelapha umdlavuza. Eminye imidlavuza evamile engelashwa ngempumelelo nge-immunotherapy yile Umdlavuza wesibeletho, umdlavuza webele, umdlavuza womlomo wesibeletho, umdlavuza wezinso, umdlavuza weColorectal, umdlavuza womminzo, iLeukemia, Umdlavuza wesibindi, umdlavuza wamaphaphu, i-lymphoma, i-melanoma, i-sarcoma, umdlavuza we-pancreatic, umdlavuza wendlala yesinye, umdlavuza wesibeletho, njll. 

Njengamanje, kwenziwa izivivinyo eziningi zomtholampilo ukuze kutholwe ukusebenza kahle kwe-immunotherapy nakwezinye izinhlobo zomdlavuza.   

Izingozi ze-Immunotherapy

Ngokufanayo nanoma yikuphi ukwelashwa, i-immunotherapy ingathinta abantu abahlukene ngendlela ehlukile. Abanye abantu bangase bangabi nayo imiphumela emibi kuyilapho abanye bengabonisa imiphumela engemihle elandelayo ngemva kokwelashwa:

• Ukusabela endaweni yenaliti njengobuhlungu, ukuvuvukala, ububomvu, ukulunywa, ubuhlungu kanye nokuqubuka.

• Izimpawu ezinjengomkhuhlane zihlanganisa imfiva, ukugodola, isicanucanu, isiyezi, ubuhlungu bomzimba, ubuthakathaka, isiyezi, ukukhathala, ikhanda elibuhlungu, izinkinga zokuphefumula, umfutho wegazi ophakeme noma ophansi njll.

• Ukwanda kwesisindo kanye/noma ukuvuvukala ngenxa yokugcinwa koketshezi

• I-palpitations yenhliziyo

• Ukutheleleka

• Ukuvuvukala kwezitho

• Uhudo

• Ukuminyana kweSinus

Imiphumela eminingi engemihle ingahluka kuye ngohlobo lwe-immunotherapy umuntu alutholayo. Futhi, abanye abantu bangase babe sengozini ye-myocarditis ngenxa yeminyaka yabo noma enye inkinga eyisisekelo. Lezi ziguli kumele ziqashwe ngokucophelela ngemuva kokwelashwa. 

Izinhlobo ze-Immunotherapy Yomdlavuza

Ngokusekelwe esimweni sesiguli, udokotela angase atuse noma yikuphi ukwelapha okulandelayo kwe-immunotherapy:

• I-Adoptive Cell Transfer: Kulokhu kwelashwa, amangqamuzana omzimba omzimba ayakhishwa, alungiswe, bese ebuyiselwa emzimbeni wesiguli. Lawa maseli ashintshiwe aklanyelwe ukukhomba futhi acekele phansi amangqamuzana omdlavuza.
• I-CAR T-Cell Therapy: Indlela esetshenziswa kakhulu lapho ama-T-cell enziwa khona ngama-chimeric antigen receptors (CARs) ukuze abone kangcono futhi ahlasele amangqamuzana omdlavuza.
• Imithi Yokugoma Umdlavuza: Imithi yokugoma, esebenza ngempumelelo ezifweni ezihlukahlukene, nayo iyasetshenziswa ekwelapheni umdlavuza. Baqala ukusabela komzimba okusiza ukulwa nomdlavuza.
• Amagciwane e-Oncolytic: Lawa ngamagciwane ashintshiwe noma adalwe elebhu ukuze atheleleke futhi acekele phansi amangqamuzana omdlavuza.
• Ama-Immunomodulators: Iqembu lezidakamizwa ezithuthukisa amandla amasosha omzimba okuhlonza nokuqeda amangqamuzana omdlavuza. Zisetshenziswa ekwelapheni izinhlobo eziningi zomdlavuza.
• Ama-Monoclonal Antibodies: Ngokungafani namaprotheni emvelo, ama-monoclonal antibodies enziwe elebhu. Baqondise izingxenye ezithile zamangqamuzana omdlavuza, zisiza ekwelapheni umdlavuza.

Okunye Ukwelapha Umdlavuza ohlinzekwa yi-CARE Hospitals

Nakuba i-immunotherapy isetshenziselwa ukwelapha izinhlobo ezithile zomdlavuza, ezinye izindlela zokwelapha eziningi zivame ukubhekwa kuqala ekwelapheni izinhlobo eziningi zomdlavuza. Izibhedlela ze-CARE zinomnyango ozinikele we-oncology ohlinzeka ngalezi zindlela zokwelapha zomdlavuza ohlukahlukene:

• I-Radical Prostatectomy: Ukuhlinzwa okwenziwa ezigulini ezinomdlavuza wendlala yesinye. Kule nqubo, i-prostate gland kanye nezicubu ezizungezile ziyasuswa. Lokhu kwenzelwa ukunqanda ukwanda komdlavuza emzimbeni. Odokotela basezibhedlela ze-CARE baqapha ngokucophelela iziguli ezinjalo bese benquma ukuthi ukuhlinzwa kuyindlela engcono kakhulu yini. Bangase baqale bazame ukwelapha lesi simo ngokusebenzisa i-radiation therapy noma i-hormone therapy.

• I-Lumpectomy: Ukuhlinzwa okusetshenziselwa ukukhipha isigaxa esinomdlavuza ebeleni esikhundleni se-mastectomy ephelele. Uma imiphetho yomdlavuza ichazwe kahle, i-lumpectomy ingase yenziwe ukuze kukhishwe isigaxa kanye nezicubu ezisizungezile ukuze kunqandwe umdlavuza ukuba ungasabalali. Iziguli ze-Lumpectomy ngokuvamile kuzodingeka zihambe amasonto angu-5-7 zokwelapha ngemisebe ukuze kuqinisekiswe ukuthi umdlavuza welashwa ngokugcwele.

• Ukuhlinzwa Ngomdlavuza Wesikhumba: Umdlavuza we-basal kanye ne-squamous cell ngokuvamile welashwa ngokuhlinzwa umdlavuza wesikhumba. Lokhu kuhlinzwa kubizwa nangokuthi i-Mohs Micrographic Surgery noma i-Mohs Surgery nje. Ukuhlinzwa kungase kulandelwe ukwelashwa ngemisebe noma i-chemotherapy.

• Ukuhlinzwa kokunciphisa ibele noma i-mammoplasty: Kuwukuhlinzwa kwezimonyo okuvame ukusetshenziselwa iziguli ezibe nengxenye noma ukuhlinzwa okuphelele kokukhipha ibele ngenxa yomdlavuza. Lokhu kuhlinzwa kubasiza ukuba bathole ukuzethemba futhi bathuthukise ukubukeka kwabo.

• Ukwelashwa Kwemisebe: Iwukwelashwa okuvame kakhulu emidlavuza eminingi. Njengoba amangqamuzana omdlavuza ejwayele ukuhlukana futhi ande ngokushesha, ukwelashwa ngemisebe kusetshenziswa amaseli ngaphambi kokuba asakazekele kwezinye izingxenye zomzimba. Ukwelashwa ngemisebe kunemiphumela yako engemihle njengoba kungathinta namanye amaseli anempilo kumfana. Ngakho-ke ukwelapha kwenziwa kuphela ochwepheshe abangochwepheshe ngaphansi kokuqondisa okuqinile. Ngaphezu kwalokho, odokotela bangase futhi banikeze imithi yokunciphisa imiphumela emibi yokwelapha.

• Ukuhlinzwa Komdlavuza Wesinye: Kunezinhlobo ezimbili zokuhlinzwa komdlavuza wesinye. Ziyi-Transurethral resection kanye ne-cystectomy. Ukukhishwa kwe-Transurethral ngokuvamile kwenziwa esigabeni sokuqala somdlavuza wesinye. Kule nqubo, izicubu ezingavamile zendawo ziyasuswa. Kodwa-ke, nge-cystectomy, sonke isinye sisuswa ngokusikwa esiswini. Lokhu kwenziwa njengendlela yokugcina yokunqanda umdlavuza.

• Ukuhlinzwa Ngomdlavuza Wamaphaphu noma i-thoracotomy: Lokhu kusetshenziselwa ukwelapha umdlavuza wamaphaphu ongewona omncane eSigabeni I noma Isigaba II. ingxenye yelobe yonke yephaphu ingase ikhishwe kulokhu kuhlinzwa. Ukuhlinzwa kungase kuhambisane nenye inqubo ebizwa ngokuthi i-cryosurgery.

• Ukwelapha Umdlavuza Webele: Isibhedlela i-CARE sinethimba lochwepheshe abaqapha ngokucophelela isiguli ngaphambi kokusho inkambo yokwelashwa. Lokhu kuvame ukuhlanganisa ukukhishwa ingxenye noma okuphelele kokuhlinzwa kwezicubu zebele, ukwelashwa ngamakhemikhali, ngemisebe, kanye nokwelashwa kokubuyisela amahomoni. 

• Ukulungisa Ulayini we-PICC: Lokhu kusetshenziselwa ukuletha imithi emzimbeni efana ne-chemotherapy, ama-antibiotics, ukumpontshelwa igazi, uketshezi oluwuketshezi, noketshezi lwe-IV (intravenous).

• I-thyroidectomy: Isetshenziselwa ukwelapha umdlavuza wegilo ngokukhipha ingxenye noma ngokuphelele indlala.

Imiphumela Emibi Ye-Immunotherapy

Njenganoma yikuphi ukwelashwa, i-immunotherapy ingabangela imiphumela emibi. Ezinye zazo zihlanganisa:

• Ukulahlekelwa kwesifiso
• Ukukhathala
• Izilonda zomlomo
• Izinkinga zokuphefumula
• Fever
• Ama-Chills
• Uhudo
• Ukuphuza isikhumba
• Ubuhlungu besisu
• Ukuvuvuka
• Inzuzo yesisindo
• I-palpitations yenhliziyo
• Ukulimala okungenzeka ezithweni ezinjengamaphaphu, izinso nenhliziyo
• Ingase ingasebenzi kuwo wonke umuntu.

Izibhedlela ze-CARE zingasiza kanjani?

Izibhedlela ze-CARE zihlinzeka nge-Immunotherapy e-Hyderabad futhi zihlose ukuhlinzeka ngokwelashwa kanye nenkonzo yezindinganiso zamazwe ngamazwe ezigulini zayo ezinomdlavuza ezingezona nje izinga eliphezulu kodwa futhi ezinengqondo. Ezibhedlela ze-CARE, sinomnyango ozinikele we-Oncology onezinsiza ezisezingeni lomhlaba kanye nodokotela abanolwazi. I-Immunotherapy e-India iyingxenye yokwelashwa kwethu okuphelele komdlavuza ngezimiso zamazwe ngamazwe kanye nohlelo lokunakekela isiguli olungcono kakhulu. Umdlavuza ulimaza impilo yesiguli ngokomzimba nangokwengqondo. Ngakho-ke, ithimba lethu le-Oncology liqeqeshwe ngokukhethekile ukuze linikeze ukunakekela kokugcina ezigulini zethu futhi liqinisekise ukuthi zisekelwa kahle futhi zinakekelwa kuzo zonke izigaba zokwelashwa. Isibhedlela i-CARE selaphe izinkulungwane zeziguli ezinomdlavuza ngempumelelo ngokwelashwa kwaso okuphelele komdlavuza ngezimiso zamazwe ngamazwe kanye nohlelo lokunakekela iziguli olungcono kakhulu.