Ukuzwa Okukhubazekile

Ukwelashwa kokulahlekelwa ukuzwa e-Hyderabad

Ukukhubazeka kokuzwa, ukungezwa, noma ukungezwa kubhekisela ekungakwazini ngokuphelele noma ingxenye yokuzwa imisindo. Izimpawu zokungezwa kahle kwezindlebe noma ubuthulu kumuntu bungaba mnene, bulinganisele, bube nzima noma bujule. Umuntu ongakwazi ukuzwa kahle angase abe nenkinga yokuqonda inkulumo evamile, ikakhulukazi uma kunomsindo omkhulu. Abantu abanezithulu ezinzima bathembele ekufundeni izindebe ngokuphelele ukuze bakwazi ukuxhumana nabanye. Abantu abayizithulu kakhulu bathembele ngokuphelele ekufundeni izindebe zomlomo noma olimini lwezandla ukuze bakhulume nabanye. Ngakho-ke, Izibhedlela ze-CARE zihlinzeka ngokwelashwa kokulahlekelwa ukuzwa e-Hyderabad ngodokotela abaqeqeshwe kahle futhi baphakamise ukwelashwa okungcono kakhulu kwesimo sakho.

Umehluko phakathi kokulahlekelwa ukuzwa, ukungezwa, nokungezwa okujulile

Kubalulekile ukwazi umehluko phakathi kokulahlekelwa ukuzwa, ukungezwa, nokungezwa okujulile ukuze uqonde ubukhali bokukhubazeka okukhona.

• Ukuzwa ukulahlekelwa ikhono elincishisiwe kubantu lokukwazi ukuzwa imisindo ezwakala kwabanye abantu abanokuzwa okujwayelekile. 

• Ukuzizwa isimo lapho abantu bengakwazi ukuzwa inkulumo evamile ngokuzwa naphezu komsindo okhulisayo. 

• Ukungezwa kahle ukuntula ngokuphelele ikhono lokuzwa futhi uyisithulu ngokuphelele ekuzwakaliseni imisindo eminingi.

Ubunzima bokungezwa kahle kwezindlebe buhlukaniswa ngokuthi ivolumu yomsindo idinga ukusethwa phezulu kangakanani ngaphambi kokuba umuntu akwazi ukuzwa umsindo.

Izibhedlela ze-CARE zinikeza inhlobonhlobo yokuxilongwa kanye nezinsiza zokwelapha iziguli ezinezidingo zokwelapha ezahlukene. Abasebenzi bethu abahlukahlukene abahlanganisa ochwepheshe bezokwelapha nabahlinzayo be-ENT banokuhlangenwe nakho okuhle futhi bazinikele ekunikezeni izinsizakalo ezingcono kakhulu ezigulini ukuze zelashwe ngokuphelele futhi zilulame ngemva kokuhlinzwa. 

Izinhlobo Zokulahlekelwa Ukuzwa

Kunezinhlobo ezine zokulahlekelwa ukuzwa:

• Ukulahlekelwa Ukuzwa Okuqhubekayo: Kwenzeka lapho kunezinkinga endlebeni engaphandle noma emaphakathi ezivimbela umsindo ukuthi ungafinyeleli endlebeni yangaphakathi. Ukwelashwa kuhlanganisa ukuhlinzwa kanye nobuchwepheshe bokuzwa obuhlukahlukene njenge amathambo izinsiza zokuzwa eziqhutshwayo, izinsiza zokuzwa ezigxilile emathanjeni, nezigxivizo zendlebe ephakathi.
• Ukulahlekelwa Kwekuzwa Kwe-Sensorineural: Ukulahlekelwa kwezindlebe ze-Sensorineural kwenzeka lapho kunomonakalo ku-cochlea noma i-auditory. inzwa, okuholela ekukhubazekeni unomphela ekudluliseleni ukwaziswa komsindo ebuchosheni. Lesi simo silawulwa ngezinsiza-kuzwa noma izifakelo ze-cochlear, kuye ngobunzima.
• Ukulahlekelwa Ukuzwa Okuxubile: Ukulahlekelwa kwezindlebe okuxubile kuhilela kokubili izingxenye ze-conductive kanye nezinzwa. Nakuba ingxenye ye-sensorineural ingunaphakade, ingxenye ye-conductive ngokuvamile ingelashwa ngemithi noma ngokuhlinzwa. Izinsiza-kuzwa zibe sezisetshenziselwa ukubhekana nesici se-sensorineural.
• I-Central Auditory Processing Disorders: Izinkinga zokucubungula izinzwa ezimaphakathi zenzeka ngenxa yobunzima bekhono lobuchopho lokuhumusha ulwazi lomsindo, okuthinta imisebenzi efana nokuqonda inkulumo nokuthola imisindo.

Izimbangela

Ezinye zezimo ezingabangela ukungezwa zinikezwa kanje:

• Ama-Mumps

• I-meningitis

• Inqubulunjwana

• I-Cytomegalovirus

• Ugcunsula

• Isifo se-sickle cell

• Isifo se-Lyme

• Diabetes

• Isifo Sokuqaqamba Kwamalunga

• I-Hypothyroidism

• Ezinye izinhlobo zomdlavuza

• Ukuchayeka ekubhemeni okwenziwayo

• Ukwelashwa kwesifo sofuba, i-streptomycin (kukholakala ukuthi iyisici esiyinhloko esiyingozi)

Ingaphakathi lendlebe kumuntu liyikhaya lamanye amathambo athambile kakhulu emzimbeni, ukulimala kwalawa mathambo kungaholela ezinhlobonhlobo zokungezwa kanye nebanga lokungezwa.

Izimpawu

Izimpawu zanoma yiluphi uhlobo lokukhubazeka kwezindlebe zincike kumbangela ewumsuka. Abanye abantu bafa ngokuzalwa kuyilapho abanye bengase babe izithulu ngenxa yokulimala, ukulimala, noma izingozi. Ngezinye izikhathi, ukungezwa kungase kuqhubeke. Eqinisweni, ezinye izimo zezokwelapha zingase zibe nokulahlekelwa kwezindlebe njengophawu, njenge-stroke noma i-tinnitus.

Izinkinga

Ukulahlekelwa izindlebe kungaholela emizweni yokuhlukaniswa nendawo okuzungezile. Kungase kubangele ukukhungatheka, ukucasuka, noma intukuthelo. Labo abanokulahlekelwa kwezindlebe okukhulu bangase babhekane nokukhathazeka noma ukucindezeleka. Ezinganeni, ukulahlekelwa ukuzwa kungakhinyabeza ukusebenza kwezemfundo, okuholela emazingeni aphansi. Futhi, ucwaningo lubonisa ukuxhumana phakathi kokulahlekelwa kwezindlebe kubantu abadala asebekhulile kanye nengozi eyengeziwe yokuwohloka komqondo.

Sifo

Ochwepheshe be-ENT ezibhedlela ze-CARE banakekela kakhulu ukuze banikeze ukuxilongwa okufanele kohlobo nezinga lokulahlekelwa ukuzwa ezigulini zabo bonke ubudala, kusukela ezinsaneni kuya kubantu abadala. Isiguli singase sibuzwe imibuzo ngomlando wezokwelapha noma umlando wokuhlukumezeka, ukulimala noma ingozi ehlanganisa izindlebe, noma ukuqala kwezinkinga zokuzwa noma ubuhlungu ezindlebeni. Ukuhlolwa ngokomzimba kwezindlebe nakho kungenziwa ukuze kutholwe isimo esisodwa noma ngaphezulu kwezilandelayo:

• Ukuvinjwa okubangelwa izakhi zangaphandle

• I-eardrum egoqiwe

• Ukuqoqwa ngokweqile kwe-earwax

• Ukutheleleka endlebeni

• Ukutheleleka endlebeni ephakathi uma kwenzeka iqhubu libonakala esigumeni sendlebe

• I-Cholesteatoma

• Uketshezi endlebeni

• Imbobo endlebeni

Ukuhlolwa okujwayelekile kokuhlolwa kungenziwa futhi ngokuvala indlebe eyodwa bese ucela isiguli ukuthi sichaze ukuthi singawezwa kahle kangakanani amagama. Ezinye izindlela zokuhlola zihlanganisa ukusetshenziswa kwemfoloko yokulungisa, ukuhlolwa kwe-audiometer, nokuhlolwa kwe-bone oscillator.

Prevention

Ezinye izinhlobo zokungezwa azikwazi ukugwenywa, njengokulahlekelwa ukuzwa okuhlobene neminyaka. Nokho, umsindo uyimbangela ehamba phambili yokungezwa, futhi ungathatha izinyathelo zokuwuvimbela. Nansi indlela:

• Sebenzisa isivikelo sokuzwa: Gqoka ama-earplugs noma ama-earmuff ezindaweni ezinomsindo njengamakhonsathi noma uma usebenzisa imishini enomsindo.
• Yehlisa ivolumu: Uma usebenzisa ama-headphone noma ama-earbud, gcina ivolumu iphansi ngokwanele ukuze uzwe abantu bekhuluma. Khomba ukuyigcina ingaphansi kwevolumu engu-80% isikhathi esingekho ngaphezu kwemizuzu engama-90 ngosuku.
• Gwema ukufaka izinto ezindlebeni zakho: Ungasebenzisi ama-swabs kakotini noma izikhonkwane zezinwele, njengoba zingabambeka noma zilimaze i-eardrum yakho.
• Ungabhemi: Ukubhema kungaphazamisa ukugeleza kwegazi kanye nezindlebe zakho.
• Zivocavoce njalo: Ukuhlala usebenza kungasiza ekuvimbeleni izinkinga zempilo ezingase ziholele ezinkingeni zokuzwa, njengesifo sikashukela nomfutho wegazi ophakeme.
• Lawula izimo ezingalapheki: Gcina noma yiziphi izinkinga zezempilo eziqhubekayo ngaphansi kokulawula ukuze ugweme okunye ukulimala kokuzwa.

Izingozi Ezidala Ukulahlekelwa Ukuzwa

• Ukuguga: Njengoba abantu befinyelela eminyakeni engama-55 nangaphezulu, kuba nokuwohloka kwemvelo kwezakhiwo ezintekenteke ngaphakathi kwendlebe engaphakathi.
• Umsindo Omkhulu: Ukuchayeka isikhathi eside emisindweni ephezulu ngokuhamba kwesikhathi, noma ukuvezwa kungazelelwe emisindweni ephezulu kakhulu, kungalimaza amaseli endlebeni engaphakathi.
• I-Genetics: Abanye abantu bangase babe nokuthambekela kofuzo ekulahlekelweni kwezindlebe ngenxa yokuguga noma ukulimala okubangelwa imisindo ephezulu.
• Umsindo Wasemsebenzini: Ukuchayeka njalo emisindweni ephezulu ezindaweni zokusebenza kungabangela ukulimala endlebeni yangaphakathi ngokuhamba kwesikhathi.
• Umsindo Wokuzilibazisa: Ukuchayeka emisindweni ephezulu kakhulu njengomculo onomsindo ophezulu kungaholela ekulahlekelweni kwezindlebe ngokushesha futhi unomphela.
• Imithi: Imithi ethile efana nemithi elwa namagciwane kanye nemithi yokwelapha ngamakhemikhali inamandla okwenza umonakalo endlebeni yangaphakathi.
• Izifo: Izimo ezihilela ukushisa okukhulu noma izifo zingabangela ukulimala ku-cochlea, okuyingxenye yendlebe yangaphakathi.

Ukwelashwa kokungezwa

Ukwelashwa kokukhubazeka kwezindlebe kuncike esibangeni kanye nobukhulu bokulahlekelwa ukuzwa. Zihlanganisa:

• Usizo lokuzwa: Insiza yokuzwa iyisisetshenziswa esigqokekayo esiza ekuzweni. Kunezinhlobo eziningana zezinsiza zokuzwa ezenzelwe iziguli ezinamazinga ahlukene okulahlekelwa ukuzwa. Ngakho-ke, izinsiza-kuzwa ziza ngobukhulu obuhlukahlukene, amasekhethi, namazinga wamandla. Izinsiza-kuzwa aziqedi izithulu kodwa zisiza ekuzweni imisindo kangcono ngokukhulisa imisindo engena ezindlebeni zomuntu ozigqokile, ngaleyo ndlela, isiguli singezwa ngokucacile. Ayifanele iziguli ezingezwa kahle. Ochwepheshe bethu banakekela ngokukhethekile ukuze baqiniseke ukuthi idivayisi ilingana kahle futhi ingalungiswa ngokuya ngezidingo zokuzwa zesiguli.
• Izimpande ze-cochlear: Isiguli esinesigubhu sendlebe esisebenza kahle kanye nendlebe emaphakathi, ukufakelwa kwe-cochlear kungase kube usizo ekungezwani kahle. I-cochlear implant iyithuluzi elincane le-electrode elifakwa ku-cochlea futhi livuse ugesi nge-microprocessor encane ebekwe ngaphansi kwesikhumba ngemuva kwendlebe. I-cochlear implant ifakwa ukusiza iziguli ezinenkinga yokuzwa okubangelwa ukulimala kwamangqamuzana omoya ku-cochlea. Lezi zimila zisiza futhi ukuqonda inkulumo. 

Ezinye izindlela Zokwelashwa

Nazi ezinye izindlela zokwelapha zokungezwa kahle:

• I-Assistive Listening Devices (ALDs): Lokhu kufaka phakathi amadivayisi afana nezikhulisa-zwi zomuntu siqu, amasistimu e-FM, namasistimu e-loop angasiza ukukhulisa umsindo ezimeni ezithile, njengezingxoxo noma ukubuka umabonakude.
• Amasu Okuxhumana: Amasu okufunda anjengokufunda izindebe, ukusebenzisa izinkomba zokubuka, nokusebenzisa izindlela zokuxhumana eziphumelelayo kungathuthukisa ukuqonda ezimweni zansuku zonke.
• Ukwelapha Ngenkulumo: Kubantu abanenkinga yokungezwa, ukwelapha ngenkulumo kungasiza ukuthuthukisa amakhono okukhuluma nawolimi, kanye nokufundisa amasu okubhekana nezinselele zokuxhumana.
• Ukuqeqeshwa kokuzwayo: Izinhlelo nokuzivocavoca okuklanyelwe ukusiza abantu ngabanye ukuthi bathuthukise ikhono labo lokuhumusha imisindo yenkulumo nokuqonda ulimi olukhulunywayo.
• I-Cochlear Implant Rehabilitation: Kulabo abaye bathola izimila ze-cochlear, izinhlelo zokuvuselela ziyatholakala ukusiza ukuzivumelanisa nokuzwa ngokufakelwa futhi kwandiswe izinzuzo zako.
• Ukuphatha I-Tinnitus: Kubantu ababhekene ne-tinnitus (ukukhala noma ukubhuza ezindlebeni), izindlela zokwelapha ezihlukahlukene ezifana nokwelapha okuzwakalayo, ukwelulekwa, namasu okuphumula zinganikeza impumuzo futhi zithuthukise izinga lempilo.

Izinsiza-kuzwa Ezikhiphekayo

Izinsiza-kuzwa ezikhiphekayo zingamadivayisi aklanyelwe ukukhulisa imisindo, okusiza indlebe yakho engaphakathi ukuzwa kangcono. Afika ngezinhlobo ezimbili eziyinhloko: i-analog nedijithali.

• Izinsiza-kuzwa ze-Analogi: Lezi zikhulisa umsindo ngendlela eqhubekayo. Angalungiswa mathupha ukuze afanele izidingo zakho, kodwa angase angawuhlungi umsindo ongemuva ngendlela ephumelelayo.
• Izinsiza-kuzwa Zedijithali: Lezi zisebenzisa ubuchwepheshe obuthuthukisiwe ukuze ziguqule umsindo ube amasignali edijithali. Angahlelwa ukuze agxile emisindweni ethile futhi anciphise umsindo ongemuva, okwenza kube lula ngawe ukuzwa izingxoxo.

Ukulungiselela kanjani ukuqokwa?

Uma ucabanga ukuthi unenkinga yokuzwa, kubalulekile ukuthintana nomhlinzeki wakho wokunakekelwa kwezempilo. Bangase bakubhekise kudokotela wezindlebe, uchwepheshe wezindlebe.

Ukuze ulungiselele isikhathi sakho sokuqokwa, cabangela lokhu okulandelayo:

Ongakwenza:

• Qaphela Izimpawu Zakho: Bhala phansi lokho oye wabhekana nakho nokuthi unesikhathi esingakanani unalezi zimpawu. Ingabe ukungezwa endlebeni eyodwa noma kokubili? Ungase ufune ukubuza abangani noma umndeni ukuthi baqaphele noma yiziphi izinguquko.
• Qoqa Umlando Wezokwelapha: Rekhoda noma yiziphi izinkinga zendlebe ezedlule, ezifana nezifo, ukulimala, noma ukuhlinzwa. Faka ohlwini noma yimiphi imithi, amavithamini, noma izithasiselo ozithathayo, kanye nemithamo yazo.
• Chaza Umlando Wakho Womsebenzi: Yisho noma yimiphi imisebenzi lapho uhlangane khona nemisindo emikhulu, noma ngabe yayikudala.
• Letha Umuntu Wokusekela: Ukuba nomngane noma ilungu lomndeni nawe kungakusiza ukhumbule ulwazi olutholayo.
• Lungiselela Imibuzo: Bhala phansi imibuzo kamhlinzeki wakho wezempilo. Nazi izibonelo:
  • Yini engase ibangele izimpawu zami?
  • Ingabe zikhona ezinye izici ezingase zithinte ukuzwa kwami?
  • Yiziphi izivivinyo engizozidinga?
  • Ingabe kufanele ngiyeke ukuphuza noma yimiphi imithi yami yamanje?
  • Ingabe ngidinga ukubonana nochwepheshe?

Yini Ongayilindela Kudokotela Wakho:

Umhlinzeki wakho wokunakekelwa kwezempilo angase akubuze imibuzo efana nalena:

• Ungazichaza kanjani izimpawu zakho? Ingabe enye yezindlebe zakho ibuhlungu noma ivuza uketshezi?
• Ingabe izimpawu zakho zavela ngokuzumayo?
• Uyakuzwa ukukhala, ukubhonga, noma ukuhayiza ezindlebeni zakho?
• Ingabe uyahlangabezana isiyezi noma izinkinga zebhalansi?
• Ingabe wake waba nezifo ezindlebeni, ukulimala, noma ukuhlinzwa esikhathini esedlule?